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Strong Heart and Vascular Center

Division of Vascular Surgery

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Hypertension

What is Hypertension?

Hypertension, or high blood pressure, is elevated blood pressure that is consistently above normal ranges. It is a major factor in causing atherosclerosis throughout the body and also increases the risk for heart disease, stroke, aortic aneurysm rupture, kidney failure, and blindness. Hypertension is sometimes called “the silent killer” because there are rarely any symptoms. Nearly 1 in 4 U.S. adults has high blood pressure, and the condition occurs more often in African Americans than other races.

Learn more about hypertension

Symptoms of Hypertension

There are no symptoms of hypertension. Symptoms only occur after complications from the high blood pressure develop. These symptoms of the complications may include:

  • Blurred vision
  • Dizziness
  • Headaches
  • Redness in the face

Symptoms of severe hypertension can include:

  • Nausea
  • Irregular or rapid heartbeat
  • Vomiting
  • Buzzing noise in the ear
  • Shortness of breath
  • Blurred vision

Diagnosing Hypertension

Hypertension is diagnosed by measuring blood pressure with a sphygmomanometer—an inflatable arm cuff attached to a pressure gauge—and a stethoscope.

If hypertension is detected, other tests may be requested to check for if organ damage, including:

Treatment Options

Hypertension can be treated through lifelong lifestyle modifications and, when necessary, medication. For mild hypertension, lifestyle changes are usually enough to reduce blood pressure.

  • Stop smoking
  • Lose weight
  • Moderate alcohol intake
  • Exercise regularly
  • Avoid eating salty foods

Some types of medications that may be prescribed if necessary, such as:

  • Antihypertensive drugs
  • Diuretics
  • Beta-blockers
  • Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors
  • Calcium channel blockers
  • Centrally acting agents
  • Direct-acting vasodilators
  • Peripherally acting agents.
  • Angiotensin II Receptor antagonists