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Strong Heart and Vascular Center

Division of Vascular Surgery

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Lymphedema

What is Lymphedema?

Lymphedema occurs when lymphatic fluid accumulates in certain parts of the body, usually the arms or legs - resulting in swelling of those areas.

The lymphatic system consists of lymph vessels and lymph nodes that run throughout the body. Lymph vessels collect the lymph fluid, a fluid that removes waste materials, bacteria and viruses from the body's cells. The lymph vessels transport this fluid to the lymph nodes, where the waste materials are filtered out, and the fluid is returned to the blood system. If the vessels or nodes become damaged, the movement of the lymph fluid is interrupted and it accumulates in certain areas of the body.

Learn more about lymphedema

Symptoms of Lymphedema

People at risk - such as those scheduled for surgery involving lymph nodes - should be aware of the initial sign of limb swelling and report any of the following symptoms to their physician...

  • Aching, weakness or redness in a limb
  • Feeling of heaviness or tightness in a limb
  • Wrist or ankle that loses flexibility
  • Rings or shoes suddenly feel tight

Diagnosing Lymphedema

After discussing medical history and symptoms (especially related to recent surgery) and a physical exam, a health care provider may request one of the following tests to rule other conditions that lead to swollen limbs, such as chronic venous insufficiency. These tests include:

People with lymphedema can take precautions to keep it from getting worse. Most efforts to prevent or control lymphedema focus on lifestyle changes to protect an affected limb. These precautions include:

  • Clean the affected arm or leg regularly, dry carefully and apply lotion
  • Wear gloves while cooking or using tools
  • Do not go barefoot
  • Do not cross your legs while sitting
  • Do not carry a totebag or purse over an affected arm
  • Avoid injections and blood pressure readings on an affected or susceptible limb
  • Lymphedema is currently not treatable with medication
  • Antibiotics are used to combat infections that can worsen lymphedema
  • Some patients benefit from manual lymphatic drainage, which uses massage to stimulate a weakened lymphatic system
  • Some patients are helped by special exercises that are done while wearing compression stockings or bandages
  • Rarely, surgery is used to remove excess tissue if a limb becomes so large and heavy that movement is difficult
  • Counseling or support groups can offer advice and emotional support